| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Fortified Sector of the Crusnes ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Fortified Sector of the Crusnes
The Fortified Sector of the Crusnes (''Secteur Fortifiée de la Crusnes'') was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line extending eastwards approximately from Longuyon. The sector roughly follows the valley of the Crusnes river. Crucially, the trace of the Maginot Line in the Crusnes sector is about ''behind'' the industrial city of Longwy which sits directly against the French borders with Belgium and Luxembourg. The Crusnes sector was one of the strongest Maginot Line sectors. It was attacked in 1940 by German forces in the Battle of France. Despite the withdrawal of the mobile forces that supported the fixed fortifications, the sector successfully fended off German assaults before the Second Armistice at Compiègne. The positions and their garrisons finally surrendered on 27 June 1940. Following the war many positions were reactivated for use during the Cold War. Three locations are now preserved and open to the public, with a fourth position under restoration.
==Concept and organization==
The sector was originally planned to protect Longwy, with a pronounced bow to the north comprising seven ''ouvrages'' replacing all but Bréhain. In order from west to east, these were to be the Ouvrage du Bois de Piepe, Ouvrage de Villers-la-Chévre, Ouvrage de Soxey, Ouvrage de la Rédoute, Ouvrage de Longwy, Ouvrage de Ratentout and the Ouvrage de Verbusch. This line was proposed on 24 June 1930, but was replaced by the more southerly line on 2 August 1930. The main line of fortifications would have been within one or two kilometers of the frontier, much farther forward than any other place on the Line, and in contradiction to the Maginot Line's concept of defence in depth. Construction began in most places in 1930, and was largely complete by 1935. Several locations had additional phases planned. ''Petit ouvrages'' Aumetz, Bois-du-Four and Mauvais-Bois were all planned to be expanded into ''gros ouvrages'' after completion of the initial plan.〔Mary, Tome 1, pp. 28-29〕 Other planned but unconstructed ''ouvrages'' included the Ouvrage de Bouillon and the Ouvrage de la Cote 143 (Hill 143), casualties of realignment.〔Mary, Tome 1, p. 38〕 The Ouvrage de Rafour was planned to anchor the west end of the line behind Longuyon, but was canceled and replaced by a series of blockhouses as a cost-saving measure.〔
The Crusnes sector was part of the larger Fortified Region of Metz, a strongly defended area between the Ardennes to the west and the Sarre valley to the east. The Metz region was more important during the planning and construction phase of the Maginot Line than it was in the operational phase of the Line, when the sectors assumed prominence.〔Mary, Tome 1, p. 15〕 The Fortified Region of Metz was dissolved as a military organization on 18 March 1940.〔Mary, Tome 3, p. 79〕 The SF (''Secteur Fortifiée'') Crusnes was itself dissolved in 1940, becoming the 42nd Fortress Corps (''42e Corps d'Armee de Forteresse (CAF)'').〔Mary, Tome 3, pp. 80-86〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Fortified Sector of the Crusnes」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|